Preliminary Task Editing

Ben and Aklima were the two who acted within this video, Berke was the camera man and i did the editing once everything had been filmed. Throughout this film we used Match on action, eye line match, shot, reverse shot and 180 degree angle. 

Match on action - This was used when Ben was filmed form one side of the door walking through and then filmed coming through the other side of the door. This is to show him coming through the door but both him going through and coming out the other side. 
Eye line match - This was used when Ben was standing in the class room, and then the camera goes on to Aklima, this is to show that he is looking at Aklima without actually showing it in one shot. 
Shot, reverse shot - The shot, reverse shot was used when Ben and Aklima was speaking to each other, the reason this was used to give the effect that they was speaking to each other and to show the audience that they was having a conversation with each other. 
180 degree angle - This was used throughout the video to make sure that it followed the same sequence and so that it looked like that was walking in the right directions at all time, therefore, making the film look better and more realistic. 

For this short film that we made, we had to make sure that we made ever shot as accurate as possible. However, i feel that we did very well with the filming and getting each shot in. On the other hand, i feel that we could have improved on making sure that shots were more steady. Therefore, i believe that next time we will make sure that we use a steady cam and try to not make as much background noise when we are filming. 

On the other hand i feel that the positive elements were that we was able to edit all of the different clips to make them into a good sequence. Therefore, i believe that we edited things together well and made it look a little bit more realistic. 

Preliminary Task

Berke was the person that filmed the sequence using many different filming skills. Ben and Aklima acted out a sequence to implicate these skills. I observed what was going on to make sure everything was going to plan. 

Our story is about a boy and a girl who started speaking, this film did not last very long, however, we made sure that all of the filming skills were included within the sequence. We began with using the graphic match by zooming out of a characters eye, on the 0 on the door of the room that they were in. This linked in when character 'A' which was the boy walked into the room. We the filmed him coming into the room from the outside, and then went inside the room and filmed him coming through the door that way as well. We also used eye line match where he was staring at character 'B' which was the girl, then we used a point of view shot towards character 'B'. Therefore, we then finished the film on a shot, reverse shot of when character 'A' and character 'B' was communicating. However, throughout this sequence, when Berke was filming we made sure that the 180 degree rule was not broken, so that the sequence followed and looked natural. 

Continuity Editing

What is continuity editing?

Continuity editing is retain a sense of realistic chronology and generates the feeling that time is moving forward. Therefore, meaning that we may use flashback or flash forwards but the narrative will still be seen to be progressing forward in an expected or realistic way. Therefore, meaning that this is important because you have to make sure that they make the film look as realistic as possible. 

Eye line match: 

This is where a character is looking at something off-screen, and then it cuts to the object or person that they are looking at, this is to show the audience what the character is looking at. The character may be looking at something such as a picture, then the camera with cut to the picture showing the audience, that the character was looking at that.

Graphic match:
A graphic match is where two shots link with similar shapes or compositions of an image. Therefore, a imagine looking another for example, by the shape of it. Meaning a bone could be thrown into the air and then a clip will change or fade into something else such as a space ship, as they are the same shape and it is more effective for the audience and creates creativity. 

Match of action: 

This is where a character start action in one of the shots and then it is continued over to the next shot of them. 

A graphic match is where two shots are linked with similar shapes or composition of an imagine. One image made to look like and link to another. For example, they will show one shot of someone standing there, and then them running, this cuts down the shots but also allows the audience to know what is going on.  

180 degree rules:

• You have to make sure that you remember the basic guideline state two characters 
• You have to remember to have the same left/right angle relationship with each other
• Have to make sure that you do not cross the 180 degree rule, as you may confuse the audience

The reason that you must make sure that you do not break the 180 degree rule, is because otherwise it could end up confusing the audience, not just this, but change the direction of the person walking or the car driving.

Short/reverse shot:

This is mainly used when two people are arguing or talking within a film. The reason that this is used is to give a good effect and understanding to the audience. However, this is mainly used when people are talking or arguing as it allows the audience to see who they are talking to and to see each character talking, giving a better effect and result of the conversation or argument. 

Mise-en-scene

Mis-en-scene:
This is a French term meaning "in the scene or frame". There are 5 Elements these are 

• Settings and props
• Costumes, hair and make up 
• Facial expressions and body language
• Lighting and colouring 
• Positioning of characters and objects in the frame

Setting and props:

Setting is where media takes place and props are objects we see within the setting. 

In different exercise what settings and props would you expect to see:

• Science fiction - Light savers, alien planets, alien costumes. 
• Thriller - Weapons (knifes and guns), cars, drugs.
• Western - Hats, Boots, Waist coats, aged skin and weather beaten, badges.

Characters (costumes , hair and make up): 

• Villains - Dark clothes, facial hair, dark make up.
• Hero's - Light clothes, light make up, smooth and clean skin.

The main films that genres use make up in is horrors, musicals, and for hero's and villains, this is to make the characters stand out more to the audience. 

Facial expressions and body language:

We all communicate through facial expressions and body language. this is so that they are able to get the point across to the audience. This is particularly important in media text with close up and the extreme close ups. 

Different body languages: 

• Laid back/ relaxed 
• Angry/mad
• Happy
• Excited
• Sad
• Embarrassed

This revels information about the body language and how the person is feeling. Therefore, meaning that eye contact is also important but not to much eye contact as it can start to make people feel uncomfortable. 

Positions of characters and objects within a frame:

Characters and objects are very important when positioning and it helps clear up what is going on within the frame. Therefore, meaning distance between character is very important. 

Objects and characters can either be in the foreground, middle-ground or back ground. The reason for this is because it emphasises the importance of the object or the character. 

Deep focus: 
Deep focus is where both foreground and back ground are in focus at the same time. This is used so that the audience are able to choose where they want to look, this is used within the film 'The best years of our lifes'. 
They could also use focus pulling, which is where they focus on one character or object and then the pull this into focusing onto another character or object.

Sound exercise

Sound exercise evaluation

In this video we used the sound bridge, the scene that we used this in was when Hayden and Taju was running i used the sounds bridge for that scene and to over lap into the next scene when Taju was running in to the next room for speak on the phone. The reason that i did this was because then the music did not cut out but slowly went into the other scene and then cut out making it more effective 

Not only this but i also used a contrapuntal sound within this scene, how i did this was by using a opera song when Hayden and Taju was running to make it effective and show fear. the way this made it a contrapuntal sound was because it was a fearful and action shot, whereas, the music was a opera and relaxing sound meaning that the music did not match the scene, making it a contrapuntal sound.

We also used a sounds track which was non-diegetic, the way we did this was because when Taju was walking listening to the music the audience could hear the music playing but Taju could not hear the music. This scene was also on screen scene as you can see everything that is going on in the screen and you can hear everything that is going on in that scene. The music that was playing when Taju was walking listening to it was a parallel sound, the reason for this is because the music matched the scene, because we was just hearing the music out loud to what he was listening to. Whereas, when Hayden and Taju are running the music doesn't. 

Throughout the whole of the video we use diegetic sounds, this is because you are able to hear Hayden and Taju speak, and you can see that it is coming from both their mouths. which represents the world of text. 

Therefore, in the last scene you will see that we use an off-screen sound, the way that we did this was by focusing the camera on Taju black jumper meaning that you was not able to see him, however, you was able to hear what he was saying making it off-screen as you can do see the source of the sounds. Not only was it just Taju speaking we also did mobile dialling and a phone ringing so that you could understand what was going on without seeing it for yourself. After this we then zoomed out and went to on-screen so you could see Taju speaking and could see then where the sounds was coming from.

What we had to make sure we used:

• Non-Diegetic - Audience can hear but character's can not (outside of the world of text), such as sound tracks, captions, titles, subtitles.
• Diegetic - Both audience and characters can hear it, (refer's to the world of text) such as sound effects, music with a sound e.g. Radio.
• Off screen sounds - Audience are not able to see the source of the sound.
• On screen sounds - Audience are able to see the source of the sound. 
• Parallel sounds - Music that matches the action that is going on in the video.
• Contrapuntal sounds - Music that does not match the action that is going on in the video. 

Scenes: 

Scene 1: Diegetic sound - there was little sound but you was able to see where it was coming from as it was outside, On screen sounds - as you was able to see what was going on and you could see Hayden walk past.

Scene 2: Non-Diegetic sound - there was music playing but only the audience could hear that and the characters could not, On screen sounds - as you are able to see where the sound is coming from, which is the ear phones. Parallel sounds - This is because it matches the action that is happening within this scene. Sound bridge - this is used because the music goes into Scene 3 to carry on the music that Taju is listening to. 

Scene 3: Diegetic sound - this is because you can hear Hayden and Taju speaking to each other and you can see the source of the sound which is their mouths. On-screen sound - you can see the two boys speaking. Parallel sounds - the music matches the action at the start of the screen. Contrapuntal - the music at the end of the scene does not match the action that is going on. Sound bridge - at the start of the scene their is one from Scene 2 - 3 and at the end of the scene there is another from Scene 3 - 4. 

Scene 4: Diegetic sound - this is because the audience and the characters can hear where the sound is coming from. Off-screen sound - as the audience is not able to see the source of the scene but they are able to hear the sounds. Contrapuntal - at the start of the scene because the music that is playing dose not match the action. Parallel - when the phone is dialled and then rings it goes with the cation that is going on in this part of the scene. Sounds bridge - as the sound from Scene 3 over laps into scene 4. 

Why we chose to do this?

I believe that is video was successful the reason for this is because you are able to understand all what is going on within the video and it is easy to understand, not only this you are able to keep track of what is happening and the extra added things such as the music over the top of the video allows the audience to understand it a bit more and to see the fear and excitement within the video.

The reason we chose to use these sounds was because when Taju was walking with the headphones in you it allows the audience to see what he is listening to and makes you feel like you are in his shoes as you can hear him listening to. Therefore, it is more effective to the audience and more realistic. 

The reason we chose the opera music in the running scene is because you are able to see that something is going to happen and the opera music builds up the tension and makes the audience think what is going to happen. 

Camera Exercise

What we did?
In this exercise we did all the different camera shots and how it is they are used through out film, these were,

• Long shot (LS) - A shot that is from far away
• Medium shot (MS) - Where the person is not close up but not far away
• Close up (CU) - A shot where something is up close
• Extreme close up (ECU) - Extremely close where you can see just there eyes, for example
• Point of view (POV) - Seeing what the character is seeing
• Over the shoulder - Looking over the shoulder of someone to see the other person talking 
• Low angle - Makes someone look powerful
• High angle - Making someone look small and powerless
• Pan - Right to Left / Left to Right, Goes round
• Tilt - Titling the camera up or down
• Crane shot - Very high angle looking at someone/something e.g. helicopter
• Tracking shot - Following someone around with the camera
• Rolling shot - Like someone is falling, moved side ways

In my group we videoed every shot. After we had videoed the shots we edited them altogether so that you could see which ones where what. The reason that i done this was being you are able to identify which shot is what. We chose to shot every shot, the reason for this is because we wanted to make sure that we had tried doing each shot at least once. 

We did not tell a story with each shot, the reason for this is because we just wanted to make sure we got every shot in the video, and just to get a feel of what it was like to use the camera and the different shots. However, i believe that it was still successful, this is because we included every shot within our video. Not only this but it also allowed us to all get used to using these shots and understand how to and where to use these shots. 

What we did well and didn't do well on:
I believe that in this video we did the shots well and we understood every shot and how it should be used. However, i believe that we need to improve on how to use the camera and to try and put it into a video the next time we are filming. Overall, i feel that we all tried our best and we did to the best or our abilities, we just need to work on a few things to make sure that the next view is better and more realistic. 

In the group we tried to make sure that veery shot that we did was as steady as possible, however, we was not able to achieve this with every shot, so i believe that this is something we may need to work on. I believe that each shot was taken appropriately but i believe that we need to improve on how we film it and where we are filming them. 

Genre & Narrative

Genre and narratives:

What is genre:
Genre is a macro element it also means, what the type of film is, for example is it a romance, sic-fi, horror, thriller, adventure, comedy, drama, musical, western or others. This just shows you what type of film or television programme it is, such as films like p.s. i love you which is a romance and Women in black which is a horror. 

What is narrative: 
A narrative is a macro element to and it is the way that the story is organised, meaning how the sequence of events take place, and the way that the events are reviled to the audience. 

Linear narrative:
Linear narrative is when the movie or television programme is shown in the order that they look, for example, beginning, middle and end. This is one of the most popular forms of narrative structure. 

Non-linear narrative:
this is when the film or television programme is revealed out of exact order for example, it may start at the end of the movie and go to the middle and then the beginning. A type of film that does it like this is pulp fiction. 

Brick

What this film is about?
This first scene within this film, it shows us a young man knelling down, with a close up of his eyes. Once you have seen him is then jumps to a different shot of the man still knelling down but looking at what looks like a dead body near a tunnel. After this it then shows us close up shots of him and the young ladies body. However, it does not show the audience much as we don't know if he killed the young girl or it was someone else, or if he knew her or not. Director: Rian Johnson, Writer: Rian Johnson, Stars: Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Lukas Haas, Emilie de Ravin. This film is a  Crime, Drama, Mystery  and was made on the 12th of May 2006 (UK), this film also has a 7.5 start rating. 

Editing:

The first part of the scene is slow and it is blank and then moves into the setting that they are in, it lasts about 7-10 seconds, and then there is a dissolve that is used to then focus onto the young man eyes. This is very effective as it allows the audience to see that something is going on but they don't know what or why, or what this young man has to do with it. However, when the camera focuses on the young mans eyes it stays there for about 5-7 seconds this is so that the audience wonder what is going and what this boy has done. However, throughout this first scene the edits a very slow until it focuses on the girl when they start to speed up, however, they are still not extremely fast. When the camera shows the young lady laying on the floor, there are jump shots that are used back and forwards from the young boy and the young lady laying their on the floor, which looks like she is dead. This gives the effect that maybe the young man new the girl or maybe he had killed her, building up tension for the audience. However, when the camera jumps from one shot to the other you are able to see that it is getting closer and closer to the boys face and the young lady, making the audience wonder what is going to happen next and whether he actually killer her or not. At the end of this scene it does a close up on the young ladies bracelets, then does a straight shot to another arm with the same bracelets posting something in what looks like a school, building up suspicion for the audience and making them wonder what happened. 

Camera:

• Close up - Close up shots are used throughout this scene, the reason for this is because it builds up tension for the audience, not just this, but it allows the audience to see what is going on. 
• Wide shot - This was used when the camera allowed the audience to see everything that was going on, for example, the lay laying on the ground and the boy knelling down looking at her not to far away from her, the reason they used this was because then the audience are able to see what the man is looking at and where about's the man and lady are. 
• Long shot- This was also used at the same time as the wide shot, this was used to show what was going on and where about both the boy and girl where. 
• Extreme close up - this was mainly used on the girl and the boy, as they did and extreme close up on the boys eyes, and then on the girls hands, feet and face to show us where the boy was looking and what he was looking at, making this very effective for the audience, as it builds up tension. 
• Pan - This was used when the camera first focused and went to the boys feet to show the audience that he was knelling down. 
• Medium shot - Medium shots were also used to show where the boy was looking and to show the audience that he was looking at the young lady, not just this but to show us what the young man looked like. 
• High angle - This was mainly used when the camera was on the young lady laying on the floor the reason for this was because it allowed the audience to see that she was powerless and had no control, also almost like the boy was more in control as her and he was looking at her. 
• Lower angle - This was mainly used when looking at the young man as it shows the audience that he is powerfully and has power over this helpless girl, making the audience wonder what he has done and whether it was him that did this to the young girl. 

Sounds:

Throughout this scene there is the same music played the whole way through, the reason i believe that they have done this is the music is like bells and is very spooky and slow, so it builds up the tension for the audience and makes the wonder more what has happened. However, this music is non-diegetic as you are not able to see the source where it is coming from. However, although the sounds is non-diegetic i feel that it goes with what is happening as the music sounds like you are waiting for something and the boy is sitting there and sort of looks like he is waiting as he is just sat there looking at this young lady, who is laying on the floor. 

Mis en scene:

In this scene the audience are able to see that this young girl has been a victim of something, however, the only thing the audience does not know is who did it and why. Therefore, meaning that they don't know if the young man did it or it was someone else. This then build up suspicion for the audience, and it also builds up tension for the audience. On the other hand the props that where used for this scene where the young girls bracelets, the reason these where so effective because at the end of this scene they focus on the bracelets and then jump to another scene where someone is then wearing them, making the audience wonder if it is her, and if so was that before or after this accident. This then builds up more fear, tensions and suspicion.  

Zodiac

What this film is about?
This film is about a young boy and a young girl going for a drive, they then decide to go some where quite, throughout this scene we realise she must be having an affair as they talk about her having a husband and him not finding out. Showing the audience that something is going on that shouldn't be. However, when they reach somewhere quite everything is going fine and they get a little scare from a few boys throwing fireworks. After this everything is going fine until a car pulls up for a few seconds and then leave. However, within a few minutes this car the drives back a man gets out of there car and approaches the young people, then all of a sudden a gun is pulled out and the young boy and girl are shot to death. This film was made in 2007, it also has a 7.7 star rating. the Director is David Fincher, the writers are James Vanderbilt (screenplay), Robert Graysmith(book) and the stars are Jake Gyllenhaal, Robert Downey Jr., Mark Ruffalo.

Editing:
The first bit of this scene is very slow, the reason for this is because it allows the audience to understand what is going on and who the people are. Not only this, but also allow the audience to see where they are going and what they are going to do. The very first bit goes not for about 40 seconds when the women is driving in the car up to the house, this is very effective as the audience do not know who is driving the car and why. However, then it show a boy running up to the car and then shows the young lady driving the car. At the beginning of the this scene when the car pulls up and the boy and girl as speaking they use jump cuts to show that the two people are talking to each other, this is effective as it allows the audience to see what is going on. Not just this but they use a straight but to go from one place to the other so it is short for the audience to watch and do not have to watch them drive all the way there, but the audience still know that they have driven their. However, many straight cuts are used through this film to move on to a different part of the film. When it gets to the part of the scene where the young boy and girl get shot, the edits a very fast lasting 1-3 seconds, the reason for this is because then the audience are able to see the fear and it is more tense and exciting for the audience. 

Camera:
In this scene there are many different camera angles, these are:

• Close up - This is used to when the young boy and girl get shot when they are in the car, the reason that this camera shot is used to show the audience what has happened also to allow the audience to build up tension for the audience to wonder what is going to happen next and why the kill did this. 
• High angle - This was also used when the the young and boy went somewhere quiet to show that they are vulnerable and it is also to build up the suspense for the audience and make them wonder what is going to happen. 
• Over the shoulder - This was used when the two young people were sitting there talking in the car, this is to show the audience that they are speaking to each other. 
• Tracking shot - This is used for when the car come back, this is to build up tension and make the audience wonder if it is the car again or someone else, putting them on edge. 
• Pan - Pan shot is used to show that the killer was walking round to the young people in the car, it makes the audience wonder what is going to happen and put them on edge to see what is going to happen to the young people and who the person is walking up to the car, could it be the ladies husband. 
• Point of view - This is used at the start of the scene when the car was driving along, it allows the audience to see what the character was seeing and where they was going. 
• Cran shot - This is used when the young people are driving in the car, when they said they want to go somewhere quite, as it allows the audience to see where they are going. 
• Medium shot - This has been used through the scene to allow the audience to see what is going on and to just show normality. 

Sound:
There are many different sounds used through this scene, for example at the beginning of this scene there diegetic sounds used as you know that the music is coming from the radio in the car. However, this music also matches the scene as it is calm and relaxing music and the setting is calm and relaxing almost romantic. This allows the audience to think that there may be romance happening within this scene. There are other diegetic sound such as the fireworks, The engine of the car, and the radio playing in the car. However, the non-diegetic sounds are when the music got louder when the young people got killed as you could not see where it was coming from and it was an over track. This allow tension to build up for the audience and for them to feel the fear that the two young people were feeling. Also makes the audience wonder why it happened and who it was that did it. 

Mis en scene: 
In this scene the audience are able to understand that the two young people are seeing each other wiles the young lady has a husband. This allows the audience to see that they have to be secretive. Not just this but, the two characters where casually dressed and did not look like they was going out anywhere fancy, meaning that they are working class people and didn't live anywhere rich. However, the props that were used were the cars, flash light and radio, these where the main props that were used through the scene, they also gave the scene more fear, tensions and excitement. Therefore, exampling more to the audience what was going on. The setting is very chilled out and nice, until they go to somewhere quiet, it is still chilled out but it is very spooky and away from everyone, meaning that it is more likely for something to happen. 

No country for old men

What this film is about?
This film starts with a man speaking over different photo's that appear on the screen, these pictures are all country side pictures. It then goes into a man getting arrested and put into a police car. After this we see a man kill a police man. We then see the man stop another man in his car asks him to get out and then kills the man that got out of his car. Therefore, showing the audience that this man just keeps on killing people and will not stop until someone stops him. However, a voice is speaking over and tell the audience what is happening. It sounds like it is the man that is killing people telling the audience. However, this film was made in 2007 and has a 8.2 star rating. The Directors are Ethan Coen, Joel Coen, the Writers are Joel Coen (screenplay), Ethan Coen (screenplay) and the stars are Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, Josh Brolin. 

Editing:
The first part of the scene is an over voice of a man speaking. In this part there are a lot of straight cuts of different country side pictures, lasting between 5-7 seconds each. Meaning that they are quite slow pace. The reason for this is because then the audience is able to listen to what the man is saying and concentrate, instead of just looking at what is going on within the film making it very effective. Then you see a man getting arrested and put into a police car, once the police car drives off this the distance it makes the audience wonder what is going to happen next, and what has the man done. However, after this you then see a police man getting strangled by the man that had been arrested, this builds up suspense and puts the audience on edge wondering what is going to happen. In this part of the scene there are between 13-14 jump cuts, which all last between 3-5 seconds the reason for this is because it puts the audience on edge and allows the audience to see what is happening and that the man is fighting for his life. Not only this but in this part of the scene there is a jump cuts that lasts a couple more seconds, the reason for this is because it is on the killers face, allowing the audience to see that he is enjoying it and does not feel sorry for what he has just done. Throughout the rest of the film, it is fats and very tense. i believe that they have done this to put the audience on edge and make them wonder what is going to happen next. 

Camera:
The camera has been used very effectively towards the audience. The reason for this is because many different angles have been used, such as the lower angle, high angle, medium shot, extreme close up, close up, long shot, cran, point of view and tracking shot. 

• Lower angle - This is used to make the killer look powerful and strong. This was used when he was killing the police man, as the camera was positioned in this place to make him look strong and in control as he had the power of the other mans life in his hands. 
• High angle - This shot was also used to make the police man look weak and powerless, as he was being strangled to death and there was nothing he could do about it as the other man has he life in his hands. 
• Medium shot - This shot was used throughout this film, the reason for this is because then the audience is about to see what is going on. Not only this, but it is a very effective shot as you are able to use it whenever and get a good meaning from it.
• Extreme close up - This was used when the killer had the handcuffs around the police mans throat. The reason i believed that they used this was to make it more effective to the audience about what was going on. Not just this, but to see how much pain he was in and making the audience wonder whether he would survive or not. 
• Close up - This shot was used throughout the film to give different effects and to show the audience what was going on from a close up view. 
• Long shot - This was used when the police car was driving away with the killer in it to make the audience wonder where they was going and what the man had done to be taken away by the police, building up suspense for the audience. 
• Cran shot - A cran shot was also used when the car was driving away to see that it was driving far into the distant where we could no longer see the car. 
• Point of view - When the man was looking through his gun at the dares, making the audience wonder whether he was going to shot one and also what it was the he wanted to look at and why meaning that more tension was built up. 
• Tracking shot - This shot was used when the man was walking through the field, making the audience wonder when where he is going and whether the killer is going to get him to. 

Throughout this film all of the camera shots were used to build up tension and put the audience on edge. To make them think what is going to happen next and why the killer is doing this. 

Sounds:

There are many different sounds going on throughout this scene. There are many diegetic sounds such as the shots, as the audience are able to see where they are coming from and what source the man was using to make this sound. Another diegetic sound that was used was the sirens on the police car as you could see where they was coming from, these where very effective as they allow the audience to understand what is going on. The water running from the sink was a diegetic sound because the audience could see that it was coming from the tap and that the man was using it when he was washing his hands of the blood. However, the non diegetic sounds were when the man was speaking at the beginning, the music throughout the movie, as this is a sound track and you are not able to see where the sounds are coming from. Therefore, they all have a great affect because they allow the audience to see what is going on but not just this it help to understand and build up tension. Also making everything dramatic. 

Mis en scene:
In this scene the audience are able to understand who is who and what is going on throughout the film. for example they know who the killer is and they will start to understand why he is doing it throughout the film. Not just this, but it allows the audience to see where it takes place and where about these people live, as they are working class people as they are not rich but they do not seem poor. However, it shows us it in a quite very chilled out place and as it takes place within a country side where not many people are about and it is usually very quiet. There were many props that were used such as, the gas gun, the police car and other cars, the hand cuffs, the telephone, the gun, ect. These all make it more effective and exciting for the audience to watch. 

The opening scene of A History of Violence

(Only the first half of the scene as was not available on youtube)
What the scene is about:
We watched the opening scene of A Histoty of Violence. It was about two men that had killed two people. However, in this scene it did not look like they cared about what had happened. We focused on four main things which are the editing, camera, sound and Mis en scene. The Director of this film is David Cronenberg, Writers are John Wagner (graphic novel), Vince Locke (graphic novel), Stars are Viggo Mortensen, Maria Bello, Ed Harris. This film was made in 2005 and it has a 7.5 star rating. This film made a lot of money. Budget was $32,000,000 (estimated), Opening Weekend: $34,911 (Chile) (17 March 2006), Gross: $89,838 (Chile)(31 March 2006)         

Editing:
In the first part of this when the two men walking out of a house towards the car, it was a very slow speed lasting between 3.51 minutes longs without one single cut. Usually cuts are usually quite quick and last between 5-10 seconds, the reason i believed that they used this was because, it allows the audience to wonder what is going on. Not just this but the audience do not expect what is going to happen next. When the man got out to the car to go into the Motel there was a straight cut used to put him from out side to inside, this was an effective cut as the audience do not notice it, but allows the audience to see that he has moved from one side to the other. A jump cut was used when the little girl come out of the bed room, it was used to tell the audience that he had seen the little girl and that the little girl had also seen him. This cut also builds up the tensions and suspense for the audience and makes them wonder what is going to happen next. However, when the man goes into the house the speed of the shots start to speed up, the reason for this is to build up the suspense for the audience. This was very effective as the audience was able to get a quick idea of who the men where and what they really do. However, i believe that the reason the first bit is very slow is also because they have to writing on the bottom of the screen to let the audience know who is staring the the scene so that they know. This is because then the audience can know who is in the film.

Camera:
The ways that they used the camera was very effective towards the audience. The reason for this because you could tell that they was using the steady cam as everything was well done. However, they used the tracking shot, which i also believed was created by using the steady cam and they used this shot for then the man was driving the car to the other bit of the motel. This was very effective as it allowed you to follow what the man was doing and how relaxed he was. A low angle shot was used when the man was filling up his water bottle when he was in the motel, this was effective as it also showed a shot of the door which allowed the audience to wonder why the door was closed, or that maybe their may be something behind it. Many different camera angles where used such as a close up when the man was in the motel and coming out towards the car, extreme close up which was on the gun before the man took it out, point of view when the man see the young girl and many medium shots where used through out the scene.

Sounds:
There where many sounds going on throughout this scene. There was many diegetic sounds, such as the radio, which you could see the source of the music, sound of the car, you could hear the car start and the man drove the car towards the other side of the motel, other diegetic sound where the water fountain when the man was pouring the water into the bottle. Therefore, gun shot was a diegetic sound the reason for this is because you was able to see the source that the sound was coming from, also the ring of the bell as you see the man ring the bell what was on the counter as he walked past. Not only this, but many non-diegetic sounds where used, the ways that they used non-diegetic sounds was because the tracking/background sound you could not see where the music was coming from. However, their was also a sound of a fly, but you was not able to see it flying, the reason the fly was their was to give the audience the impression that the two people where dead on the floor. However, the reason it is diegetic is because you was not able to actually see the fly itself. The music has a great affect on this scene the reason for this is because when the music is introduced it allows the audience to see what has happened and that they are not just two ordinary men after all and that they have killed to people. The music also makes it very exciting for the audience and makes the wonder what is going the happen next. Therefore, mean that the music matches what is going on in the setting.


Mis en scene:
The mis en scene is what is on the scene what the audience is able to see and what the characters are like. The two men wear dressed very casually. However, one of the men looks like they are more in charge as he looks for dressed up and more over powering them the other one, as he went into the motel and did what needed to be done. The props that where used within this scene, the main one was the car, to show the affect the they was going somewhere, and it must be far as they needed to drive there. However, the setting in this first scene, is a lower classed and not very nice place. The reason for this is because it is a little motel where it was all dark. Meaning that it may be lonely and quite quiet their. This scene also shows us that the young child lives in the motel with her family.

Editing

What is editing?

Editing is a process of looking at all footage shots during the making of a film/TV programmer and placing it in the desire order and joining it together. 

Speed of editing:

How long each shot will take, whether it will be a fast or slow shot. Speed of editing helps determined the mood taking place on the screen. Trailer need to be a fast shot. how quick or slow the shot may appear. May be slow to understand what is going on in the film and to get to know the characters. 

Style of editing:

How each shot is joint up to the next shot. Movement from one shot to the next is called a transition. 

Transitions- how shots are joined together.

Straight cut:

The straight cut retains reality and reduces disbelief. It is not very noticeable to the audience, meaning it does not attract the audiences attention. A straight cut is one shot that flicks to the next shot. 

This is the invisible form of transition and is one of the most common ones used within a film. 

Dissolves:

A dissolve is like a blend. This is where one shot will fade out but another shot will start to fade it, meaning that both shots are on the screen at mid-point. This makes the shots looks at lot smoother when changing. Dissolving shot is mainly used to show a connection between two characters, places, objects of to pass the time. Meaning that it changes one thing to another. 

Fades:

This is where there is a darkening or a lightening of a image, usually becoming black or white. used to represent time passing, to someone has passed out or died, in the film. The way that this works is by shots will fade until a black or white image appears on the screen. Indicating the end of the section. 

Wipes:

This is when an imagine is pushed off of the screen by another imagine coming onto the screen. This is used for different locations being shown. The imagine can be pushed, left of right, up or down. This is also used to show times moving forward, however, this is not used very often. Wipes are used in star wars a lot though. 

Jump cuts:

Jump cuts are not used very often. However, when they are used the audiences attention is brough into focus on something suddenly. This is known as discontinuity editing and is also used to break continuity editing. Appears sections of sequence has been removed. They are very easy to get wrong and mistake them for straight cuts. They can also jump back and forward. Looking like a bit of the film has been cut out. For example the film Breathless uses jump cuts. 

Examples:

The film Citizen Kane (1941), this film uses straight cuts, dissolves and fades. 

• Many dissolves at the start to show the atmosphere and what was going on.
• Straight cuts where used just to move from on slide to another. 
• Fades showing that the man had died.
• Slow pace at the start, then it starts to speed up to show the tension and what is happening.

There is only one line of talking within this part of the film. However, you are able to understand what is going on through telling the story visually, through using effects and sounds. 

Unknown

What the film is about?

This film is about a women and a man who are happily married. Then he has a accident. The reason he has this accident is because he goes into a taxi to go back to the airport where one of his bags have been left with all of his ID. Once he recovers from this accident he goes to find his wife to find out she does not recognize him and someone has stolen his identity. It is also about the lady who was driving the taxi and how she is involved in what happened. There are some guys that are after this man and he does not know why, and there is a car chase that takes place. this is then when they end up going to the club. He is trying to find out why this is happening to him and most of all who is doing it to him. This film was made on February 16th, 2011. This film is also a thriller but more of a mystery thriller as you do not know why it is all going on. Not only this, but it does not focus on upper, middle or lower classed people it has all different classes of people in it. The director is Jaume Collet-Serra, writers are Oliver Butcher (screenplay), Stephen Cornwell (screenplay), Stars are Liam Neeson,  Diane Kruger and January Jones. Budget:​ $30,000,000 (estimated), Opening Weekend:​ $21,856,389 (USA) (20 February 2011)​, Gross:​ $130,786,397 (Worldwide) (12 May 2011).

About the trailer Unknown: 
This trailer is about two and a half minutes long. It shows us the main points within the film. However, all of the scenes are messed up and put into different orders so that the film is not given away when the people watch it. It also shows us how his life has changed and how he plans on getting it back. In this trailer is focuses on the point when he has the crash int he car and they drive off the bridge, the reason they do this to make the audience see that this is a big, and important part of the film. It shows us all of the trilling part and that their is something going on within this film that he has got to try and uncover. This trailer gives away quite a lot about the film and what is going on within the film, however, it does not show us why it is happening and what the result is in the end. All this trailer shows the audience is that something is going on and this man is stuck in the middle of it. The ways in which this trailer will appeal to an audience is because it is fast and very trilling in the trailer making people want to watch it due to the excitement they will be feeling from it, making them think the the film itself will be more exciting and thrilling.

About the hotel scene:
This is a very important scene. The reason for this is because in the scene before this Liam Neeson has dismisses him out of the hospital, the reason for this is because he believes he wife will be worried about him as he has just woke from a coma he has been in for four days. Therefore, he then gets into a car to go back to the hotel him and is wife booked into whiles they stayed in Berlin. However, there is a twist to the story when he gets to the hotel and this twist is, he see's his wife walking around the hotel. When he is taken to say he is sorry to his wife and explain what had happened to him when he wife claimed to not recognize who he was. The to Liam Neeson's surprise her husband who she claimed to be came over. At this point he had realized that something wrong was going on and that his identity had been stolen. However, their was little he could do as all of his things had been lost and replaced with this other mans picture, even picture of his and his wife. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lH5hC8kRjdU

About the hospital scene: 
This is a very effective scene, the reason for this is because this is the scene when you realize that someone is out to get rid of Liam Nesson and completely erase him from the world. However, when they are in the hospital and the bad guy kills the young lady in front of Liam Neeson, the camera uses an extreme close up on the scissors in the young ladies pocket. When Liam Neeson reaches for these scissors, and you hear the bad guy coming back it causes suspense and tension for the audience, making you think he has either got caught or he was not able to get the scissors. Then, all for a sudden you see them in Liam Neeson's hand when the body is getting pulled away. This allows the audience to see what is going on and whether or not Liam Neeson is going to get away. They also use disorientated music to give a better effect and understanding to the audience, making them think he is not going to get away.

Devices:
The devices that where used within this film was suspense the reason for this is because when the taxi crashed into the river their was suspense, as the young lady was able to get out of the car. However, was did not know id Liam Neeson was going to survive as he was knocked unconscious, but when the young lady when back to save the man it put the audience on edge wondering whether he would survive or not. Therefore when he was pulled out of the car it also put the audience on edge and caused suspense, this is because, when the ambulance come you was sitting their wondering if he was going to wake up and what was going to happen to him. Therefore, when the care was going into the water, the film went into slow motion to show them flying off of the bridge. this had a good effect towards the audience the reason for this is because then they was able to see Liam Neeson hit is head and see the impact that it had. Therefore, when it sped up again it shocked people, and made them wonder if he would get out, making it more effective and exciting for the audience. 

Todorov's narrative theory:
He believed that you was able to apply the five stage within any film. In this film the 5 stages where used. 

• A state of equilibrium (all normal) - Liam Neeson and his wife are on the airplane and then arrive at the airport to then get a taxi to the hotel that they are meant to be staying at, forgets is case so has to go back to the airport gets in a taxi to go back there. 
• A disrupt of that order by an event - Liam Neeson goes back to his hotel after being in an accident to go and tell his wife and she does not recognize who his is and calms another man is her husband by the same name. 
• A recognition that the disorder has occurred - when he goes back to the hospital to speak to the doctor and get another head scan, and then wakes up to a man trying to kill him and has already killed two of the doctors. 
• Attempt to repair damage - Liam Neeson goes to put things right by confronting the back guys and trying to get his identity back and trying to find out who did this to him and why they did it. 
• Return or restoration of a new equilibrium - Finds out who did it to him and then he gets is identity back but nothing will be how it used to be. 

Barthes - Enigma codes:

I believe that Barthes enigma codes where used through out this film the reason for this is because their was a idea of mystery as no one know why this was happening and who was reasonable for it. Also in this film the text where just complex bundles of meaning. The reason for this is because the audience did not know what was going on and what any of this meant until the end and still their was no real reason for it to happen. therefore, there was a problem introduce, which was Liam Neeson identity has been stolen form him. It was also a polysemic text because there was a lot of different meanings going on within this film. 

Levi Strauss: 

The Hollywood traditional narrative structure was used, which is the three act structure, these are:

• Set up (25%)
• Confrontation (50%)
• Climax (25%)

Linear (chronological) a few sub plots which is tendency towards closure at the end of the film. 

Vladimi Propp:

Vladimi Proop's theory was used within this film, he believe that there was 8 key character roles, these 8 character roles are, Hero, villain, helper, donor (provider), father, dispatcher, princess, false hero, and one character can perform more then one role. 

• Hero - Liam Neeson
• Villain - The man who has stole his identity and the men that are trying to kill him
• Helper - The taxi driver  
• Father - The older man that is trying to help get is identity back
• Princess - Liam Neeson's wife
• False hero - Could be Liam Neeson wife to

Camera shots: 
Close up: This camera shot is used through out the film, the reason for this is because it make it effective when people are talking and it is just an easy shot to use in a film, and it allows the audience to see what is going on. this was used int he first scene when Liam Neeson and his wife was on the plain. 
Extreme close up: This camera shot was also used through out the film. This was mainly used within the fighting and more intense scenes to allow the audience to know what was going on. this was also used when Liam Neeson has just come out of having his head scan. 
Long shot: This was used through the movie to allow the audience to see what was happening. for example, when a car was following Liam Neeson they did a long camera shot to show us and to build up the tension and put the audience on edge. 
Higher angle: This the girl pushed the car off the edge with her car, this was used to make the people in the car look powerless and to make it look Liam Neeson and the girl helping had won. 
Rolling shot: This was used before the car drove into the river to show us all of the cars rolling about and the motorbike rolling across the road. 
Wide shot: This was used through out the film, to show the audience what was going on all around. it was very effective as it allowed the audience to see everything and was almost like they was in the movie. 

Liam Neeson speaking about the film unknown:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXXM_2Pk79Y

The end scene: 
The end scene i feel is the most exciting and well done scene. The reason for this is because you find out that Liam Neeson is not the person he thinks he is and that person dose not actually exist, he is a person who has been made up for a plot to kill someone. Not only this, but you also find out what the meaning to the first bit of the movie meant and why he was at Berlin and why everything else happened and Why his 'wife' did not recognize him. Therefore, at the end when you find out that their is a bomb and they are trying to kill a man because the year of research he has and that they could get loads of money for it, you then find out that Liam Neeson was the one responsible and behind this plot. You then start to understand the film a bit more. This is then when the film starts to get excited and tense as you don't know what is going to happen and if he is going to make it right. However, it also shows the audience as different side to the story and makes the audience see how it all started and why it happened and how they will over come this. 

The McGuffin: 
The Mcguffin in this film is about the growing corn. However, within any thriller film there has to be a Mcguffin but no one really cares about it. The Mcguffin is the thing that drives the plot along for example why the people are their in the first place and that is the reason why they was going their or doing what they was doing. On the other hand, no one cares what happens to the Mcguffin it just helps the audience understand why the people are their and what they are their for.